Wednesday, June 11, 2014

Biosurveillance at the DHS -- is the U.S. EPA completely out?

On June 10, 2014, the Office of Health Affairs and the Office of Science and Technology of the DHS testified before a House Subcommittee on Homeland Security, the Subcommittee on Emergency Preparedness . . . and reported on the status of new biodetection technologies for acquisition. 
“BioWatch: Lessons Learned and the Path Forward”

The Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Health and Human Services have often struggled to work out their separate functions in public health security, but this written testimony gives us a clear picture of functions in areas involving bioterrorism and emerging infectious diseases.  DHS has the lead for integrating information through the NBIC with a goal of early detection.  Early in the BioWatch program, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency also had a role, using air monitoring network that was created for sampling air quality for compliance with the Clean Air Act.  The GAO reported in April 2010 that the role of the U.S. EPA in BioWatch was being greatly reduced.  Budgeting to USEPA for BioWatch activities from DHS fell from $ 28.6 million in 2004-2005 to $780,000 in 2009-2010. The EPA is not mentioned in the written testimony functioning of BioWatch, but it would be very unfortunate if the US EPA was excluded from participation in the NBIC in biosurveillance.

Here is a quote from the written testimony that outlines DHS's lead on biosurveillance:

The National Biosurveillance Integration Center (NBIC), operated through the DHS Office of Health Affairs (OHA), is the designated government entity charged with integration, analysis, and dissemination of the Nation’s biosurveillance information in order to advance national safety, security, and resilience.
NBIC is a 24/7 operation that collaborates daily with the BioWatch program as well as other National Biosurveillance Integration System (NBIS) federal department and agency partners and state, local, tribal, and territorial entities. At this time, NBIC is monitoring and reporting on, among other biological events, avian influenza H7N9 in China; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in a number of countries now including the United States; Chikungunya Fever in the Caribbean; Ebola Virus Disease in West Africa; and the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 worldwide.

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